The recent fierce attempts by the Houthis to capture Ma’rib highlight the importance of this province to the group’s ability to rule northern Yemen in the future. 21, 2014, the Houthis seized Yemen’s capital, Sanaa. At least 2,000 U. In a Dec 18, 2022 · Yemen’s future conflicts will be over water. Ishraq al-Maqtari, a member of the National Commission for the Investigation into Alleged Human April Longley Alley, International Crisis Group This memo was drafted for POMEPS Studies 29,“Politics, Governance, and Reconstruction in Yemen. Abstract: Yemen has been lead to the dire situation it faces today due to the conflict of local and regional powers which have sought to control strategic areas in Yemen, thereby dismantling the country’s territorial integrity. The flag of Yemen resembles the Arab Liberation Flag of July 23, 1952 , introduced after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 in which Arab nationalism was a dominant theme. Yemen is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change, and for decades has faced a worsening water crisis. The GCC, Iran and Yemen:: An Overview of Relations Download; XML; The Yemeni–Saudi Border:: From Boundary to Frontline Download; XML; The Future of Yemen:: The Economic and Security Roles of the GCC Download; XML; Omani–Yemeni Relations:: Past, Present and Future Download; XML; Yemen in the Context of Iran-Gulf Relations Download; XML Jan 11, 2024 · The US and UK militaries launched strikes against Houthi targets in Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen on Thursday, marking a significant response after the Biden administration and its allies Apr 29, 2024 · Satellite imagery shows at least two new underground facilities built by the group. Aug 12, 2021 · More than 2 million school-age children in Yemen are now out of school as a result of poverty, conflict and lack of opportunities. Without immediate intervention, an entire generation risks being left behind, with long-term consequences for Jan 11, 2024 · The conflict between the United States and the Houthis in the Red Sea is steadily escalating. Sep 20, 2023 · The Impact on Yemen’s Future The war economy in Yemen holds two potential effects on the country’s future: structural transformations and the perpetuation of conflict. Judging from Syria, the United States is still putting down stakes in the Middle East. The Jun 2, 2020 · South Yemen today faces many turbulent converging challenges, from the spread of COVID-19 to floods, electricity cuts, and The Southern Transitional Council’s (STC) self-rule decision. officials put tremendous time into cooperating with allies Oct 14, 2022 · The future of conflict in Yemen. Nearly 70 percent of Yemenis—20. 92694; 48. Saudi Arabia's government is leading an international alliance against the insurgent Houthis, who control large parts of northern Yemen, including the capital, Sanaa. Tehran, Iran – As Saudi Arabia continues to play a key role in influencing neighbouring Yemen’s political future, the kingdom’s main regional rival, Iran, has maintained its Apr 14, 2023 · The Houthi leader told CNN he expected Saudi Arabia to ensure the departure of all foreign forces, including the UAE, from the country. Prior to their violent divorce, Saleh’s General People’s Congress party (GPC) and the Houthis (a Zaydi/Shia rebel movement) were Sep 30, 2022 · The Present and Future of Yemen’s Geopolitics amid Local and Regional Conflict. The proxy market in Yemen was opened wide after 2011, with the near collapse of the government and increased demand by the Houthis’ rapid political and military expansion. The authors examine the Houthi movement's history, the Houthis' current relations with Iran, Iran's history of proxy development, and the trajectory of the Houthi-Iran relationship, and then pose scenarios for the future. 92694°N 48. military carried out more strikes in Yemen early on Wednesday, destroying two Houthi anti-ship missiles that were aimed at the Red Sea and were preparing to launch, the U. To counter the current course Yemen is navigating, the GCC and UN must ensure Yemen properly transitions towards stability, thereby preventing the Aug 10, 2021 · Published on August 10, 2021. These factors include: The coup and the ensuing large-scale war that has been raging on for more than seven years, and its catastrophic outcomes and repercussions. 320 pages, Hardcover. In the chaos that follows his departure, civil war and regional interference plague the country while separatist groups, Al-Qaeda and ISIS compete to exploit the broken state. Likewise, it is even harder to find a more fractured world than this desperately divided country. Houthis attack Yemeni oil terminal in latest assault. ” GIGA, 2021, p 2. In the discussion that followed, many Council members called on the Houthis to cease attacks on vessels transiting the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Jul 11, 2018 · The malnutrition ward of the Al-Sabaeen hospital, in Yemen’s capital, Sana’a, is a quiet place even when it is busy. Yemen’s strategic location holds high geopolitical value for regional and global Jan 7, 2024 · Yemen's public health system has been devastated by conflict for more than seven years. UN-Habitat established presence in Yemen in 2018. Based on differences in rainfall regimes, we Feb 13, 2018 · In terms of this year’s Davos theme – Creating a Shared Future in a Fractured World – it would be hard to conceive of a more vivid example of the need to find a shared future, than Yemen. Clashes between protesters in Yemen demanding President Ali As a result, most Yemenis distrusted Saudi Arabia as much as Saudis distrusted Saleh. Since then, UN-Habitat has supported the government and people of Yemen to develop Rapid City and Neighbourhood Profiling for 7 cities (Sana, Aden, Taiz, Sada’a, Ma’arib, Al-Huta and Zinzibar). In Yemen, the number of out-of-school children has doubled since armed conflict escalated in 2015, leaving more than 2 Aug 2, 2016 · The future of Yemen looks like a blended environment of the Status Quo and Fractured State models as political agendas class amongst continuations of UN Resolutions and extended timelines dissipate. And yet, Yemen endures. Shannon. Unfortunately, the Houthis made several late and Mar 25, 2024 · The impact of the education crisis on Yemen's children and their future is profound. The Houthis know that in order to survive as an independent state in the The Fall of Amran and the Future of the Islah Party in Yemen. Jan 25, 2024 · Overview. Weak national control and robust smuggling routes Sep 1, 2017 · Saleh masterminded patronage networks that kept the state weak, allowing conflict, social inequality and terrorism to flourish. Phone: 774877177 Email: Canadaoffice@yemfogs. Mar 24, 2022 · Seven years on from the launch of the Saudi-led coalition’s military campaign on March 26, 2015, the civil war in Yemen remains stalemated. Phone: 772502070. com. Yemen has the lowest electricity access rate in the Middle East and North Africa. -provided Personal Identification Secure Comparison and Evaluation System (PISCES) integrated border security management system, which was being expanded and upgraded at year’s end. It is estimated that 80 percent of the population lives below the poverty line, with some two-thirds in Oct 18, 2017 · Saudi Arabia has even freed itself of its traditional alliance with some of the tribes in Yemen. U. Email: info@yemfogs. The UAE has played a major role in leaving Saudi Arabia vulnerable in Yemen; it is even working to ensure that any possible judicial inquiry in the future would target Saudi Arabia rather than the UAE. “It is imperative to resume an inclusive, Yemeni-led political process to reach a Jan 24, 2024 · The U. Sep 16, 2019 · The future shape of Yemen can, and indeed should, be determined only by Yemenis free of the duress of war and willing to negotiate the future of their country in good faith. But they surged to prominence . Of course, community conflicts over water in Yemen are not new. Yemenis are tired and angry. This ensures that the mod is not dull because there is always something interesting or flavorful to do. Dec 2, 2023 · The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Yemen has released a new report detailing Yemen’s likely climate future and how climate change could affect economic and human development in the long run. Nov 23, 2021 · A new United Nations report has projected that the death toll from Yemen’s war will reach 377,000 by the end of 2021, including those killed as a result of indirect and direct causes. The Houthis of northern Yemen were an obscure group until recently. ”Our real demand is the exit of all foreign forces from the May 1, 2017 · The Future of Yemen. Phone: 734477576. On Sept. Internet access control has become a growing trend, as internet disruptions, restrictions of information control, and other censorship methods have been increasing globally. The UN—a main donor of the Ministry of Public Health and Population—has raised less than half of the US$3. Yemen has long been one of the poorest countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and is facing one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. For the first time since 2015, Houthi rebels and the Saudi-led coalition agreed to and generally observed a ceasefire that held for nearly six months. Through the provision of essential services, it intends to support public health and population-based interventions, restore water supply and sanitation services, including responding to emergencies and disease Feb 17, 2021 · Likewise, ending support to offensive military operations likely will not mean the end of all U. Conflict and security. 5 days ago · The Huthi movement has a strong nationalist identity (as well as a religious one) in that Zaydism is almost unique to the North of Yemen and strongly bound up in its culture. “Federal Solutions for -Fragile States in the Middle East: Oct 5, 2022 · Full-scale conflict in Yemen erupted in 2015 More than 4 million people have been displaced inside Yemen About 64 percent of the Yemen’s population face food insecurity and 61 percent face water May 1, 2023 · Yemen, a small country on the Arabian Peninsula, has become the site of grievous civilian suffering amid an intractable civil war. com The international competition over Yemen remains among the factors that led to the prolonging of conflict. Outcome 2: Targeted population groups across Yemen, including school-aged girls and boys and nutritionally Jan 6, 2023 · First, restore the balance of power. UNICEF is Sep 28, 2021 · "The battle of Marib will determine the future of Yemen," Abdulghani Al-Iryani, a senior researcher at the Sanaa Center for Strategic Studies, told AFP. In fact, it reflects the core issues that have undermined peace and security in the country since at least the yemen. Within the larger Yemen conflict, U. While the country now faces severe challenges, coffee may be the key to a brighter future. Mission Goal 2: The United States leads efforts to address the conflict’s economic. The city profiling will reflect on the context of Yemen that is suffering from protracted Yemen employed the U. It is in line with WFP’s strategic plan for 2022–2025 and has the following four outcomes: Outcome 1: Crisis-affected women, men, girls and boys across Yemen are able to meet their immediate food and nutrition needs all year. As Yemenis continue to navigate daily challenges, the effects of today’s actions on future generations must also be considered. Yemen, with the United States, Saudi Arabia, and the UK participated in the Yemen Security Working Group, which included military and Jun 21, 2022 · Yemen’s future renewable energy mix up to 2025. Turning specifically to Yemen, Stage 1 of the market entry and investment model is to explore opportunities. The number of children engaged in child labor has risen to 160 million worldwide, and millions more risk being pushed into the workforce by the COVID-19 pandemic. Jun 6, 2024 · For nearly a decade, Yemen has struggled with protracted crises, touching nearly every aspect of life in the country, from food production to the stability of household incomes. Yemen today is a glimpse of what’s in store for other parts of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as climate change and rapid population growth combine to put more and more pressure on the resources essential to human life, like water. Over the last seven years, normalization of war has caused fighters on both sides to view the war as a typical source of employment, and Yemeni fighters are driven by consanguinity, money, or revenge – factors differing from those affecting decision-makers in Child Labor Robs Children of Their Future. Published on Monday, the report detailed how these youngsters were victims of the indiscriminate use of mortar and artillery shelling Jun 20, 2023 · The climate of Yemen remains largely unstudied, leading to major uncertainties and a lack of understanding of future extreme rainfall events and how they are likely to affect agriculture. The conflict that started in 2014 has inflicted massive economic and social costs on the country and its people. Shibam Hadramawt ( Arabic: شِبَام حَضْرَمَوْت, romanized : Shibām Ḥaḍramawt) [2] [3] is a town in Yemen. Charles Schmitz. As a result, only 51 percent of health facilities are still functioning. There are also no few Shafa’i Dec 15, 2022 · Hoi4 Red Banners: The Future of Yemen. Apr 10, 2024 · For around four years now, Saudi Arabia has been looking for an elegant exit from the Yemeni civil war. A central role in that process is played by the Southern. Report details Primary country. 33-Anderson, Liam D. Feb 13, 2019 · News and Press Release in English on Yemen and 1 other country about Climate Change and Environment and Contributions; published on 5 Feb 2019 by Govt. Sep 27, 2021 · The Yemen conflict killed or maimed 2,600 children as hostilities intensified in 2019 and 2020; that’s according to a new report of the UN Secretary-General on Children and Armed conflict in the country. S. "Houthis control most of the governorate Mar 1, 2021 · The crafting of South Yemen’s political future is a core issue in Yemen’s. Yemen’s strategic location holds high geopolitical value for regional and global powers. The pandemic is reinforcing trends towards populism and authoritarian restoration in the Middle East and North Africa, and the European Union needs to find the wherewithal to provide assistance to match similar efforts undertaken by China as part of its "mask diplomacy" in the region. As the world’s attention was riveted on the lightening conquests of the Islamic State in Iraq, Yemen’s al-Huthi movement made an equally stunning but largely unnoticed military advance on Amran Governorate and captured the provincial capital Jan 12, 2024 · Yemen’s Houthis say maritime coalition force will not stop future attacks Yemen’s Houthis will not cease attacks on ships in the Red Sea, despite the US announcing a maritime protection force play Nov 18, 2022 · Reviving diplomacy: A new strategy for the Yemen conflict? The fundamental challenge in achieving a sustainable resolution of the current conflict in Yemen is that the issues at stake are fundamental to Yemen’s identity and history. It’s time to consider measures that can promote an After more than four years of fighting, the war in Yemen continues to drag on. Currently, 23 percent of households have no income, highlighting the systemic impact of protracted conflict. They have See full list on aljazeera. On December 31, Houthi small boats attempted to attack a commercial vessel; after U. 62667°E  / 15. Nov 24, 2014 · The Haraz tribe, west of Sana’a. The Saudi-led campaign called “Operation Decisive Storm” began in March 2015 with the aim of forcing Yemen’s Houthi rebels to withdraw from the Yemeni capital of Sanaa and reinstalling Yemen’s internationally recognized government from exile in Saudi Arabia. Even the most hardened observers of the ongoing conflict in Yemen could be forgiven for recent optimism. 9 million people, more than half of them children, need support to access critical health services. Nadia Mokhallalati, COL 2023 Yemeni Coffee: Past, Present, & Future Dr. These child soldiers are the seeds of Yemen’s future wars. Tel: 01263620 Phone : +1 416-577-8687. and Vaughn P. Distrust, misperceptions and bad decisions, more than anything else, led Yemen-Saudi relations to the dismal state they are in today. This has led to attempts toexploit its geopolitical value bydismantlingits unity and Apr 3, 2023 · Yemen’s economic collapse has been compounded by the war in Ukraine. 2 million public employees have been paid irregularly—some not at all—since 2016, undermining critical public services. Parents speak in murmurs and children are too weak to cry. /  15. Netherlands Sep 11, 2023 · This is a problem that will impact Yemen and its neighbors for decades to come. Here, we examine future heavy rainfall events for the period 2025–2100 using the latest state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP 6). Transitional Council (al-Majlis al Sep 23, 2023 · The future of Yemen and its people depend on these collective efforts to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change and protect the environment. From 2015 to 2022, the country experienced a staggering 52 percent Apr 17, 2023 · Briefings. As of February 2024, satellite images show three tunnel entrances wide enough to accommodate heavy vehicles and large piles of excavation waste at the site. Despite 20 months of aerial bombardment and an estimated … Yemen can claim to have what may be the finest coffee in the world. Recorded Future’s Insikt Group assesses that dynamics of the Yemeni civil war are manifesting themselves online through a struggle over Yemeni access, use, and control of the internet. January 6, 2022. Introduction. Even before the conflict in 2015, most of Yemen’s population was deprived of basic electricity services. In late 2022, the Houthis began work on a new facility in a valley near their local stronghold of Saada. 85 billion necessary to fully fund the 2021 Humanitarian Response Plan for Yemen. Players and networks that emerged and gained influence under the conflict have created new economic dynamics, leading to structural changes in the fundamental mechanisms of The flag of Yemen (Arabic: علم اليمن, romanized: Alam al-Yaman) was adopted on May 22, 1990, the day that North Yemen and South Yemen were unified. Heather Sharkey, COL, Department of Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations PURM Feb 28, 2022 · Ultimately, factors within Yemen will drive the long-term future of this conflict. Jan 16, 2023 · HANS GRUNDBERG, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen, noting his fruitful discussions with the President of that country’s Presidential Leadership Council, Rashad al-Alimi, as well as with regional stakeholders, said that he is hopeful about building on these discussions so that 2023 delivers a more peaceful and prosperous future Sep 30, 2022 · “The Future of South Yemen and the Southern Transitional -C ouncil. Middle East Policy. A central role in that process is played by the Southern Transitional Council (al-Majlis al-Intiqali al-Janubi; hereafter, STC), an entity that is increasingly perceived internationally as the representative of South Yemeni interests. This is, in large part, because fighting in Yemen has dragged on and proved far more costly than Riyadh initially anticipated 1 when, in 2015, it led a coalition to restore the internationally recognized government of President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi and roll back advances by the Iran Jan 24, 2024 · Understanding Houthi actions in the Red Sea in these terms, however, fails to capture the popularity of the Palestinian cause in Yemen that has guided successive Yemeni governments’ relations with the wider region—or Ansar Allah’s effort to claim a place in this legacy of sovereign solidarity from its non-sovereign position amid Yemen’s The project name, “I Primi” or “the First”, refers to four significant coffee-related activities implemented in Yemen for the very first time: • the first national survey of coffee growers was carried out. 62667. ” On December 4, Houthi fighters killed Yemen’s former president and their erstwhile ally, Ali Abdullah Saleh. Moreover, the country’s 1. 56 This, combined with the similarly large shortfall in 2020, has led to the shuttering of existing services. By Helen Lackner - 01 May 2017. With about 7,000 inhabitants, it is the seat of the District of Shibam [1] in the Governorate of Hadhramaut. There are over 250 foci for Yemen, as well as a plethora of decisions, events, and characters. HANS GRUNDBERG, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen, said that, one year since the parties agreed to a truce under the United Nations auspices, the country is again at a Apr 19, 2023 · Indeed, peace talks have begun to end the eight years of a brutal conflict between a Saudi-led coalition of nine regional countries and the Iranian-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen. Were the Huthi da’wa attractive only to the Sada, there would be few tribesmen fighting for the Huthis; most Sada are non-combatants. Currently, there are multiple, rival authorities in different regions of the country, and the Sep 7, 2022 · The future of the Hashemites in Yemen may be predicted in light of a number of factors affecting the Yemeni scene in general, and the current war in particular. For Yemen and Saudi Arabia to avoid the mistakes of the past, they need to move beyond lip service on a few rather obvious facts. In addition to the importance of its location, which links many local trade lines, Ma’arib has the largest station in Yemen for generating electric The southern Red Sea and adjacent Gulf of Aden will remain a dangerous part of the world for the foreseeable future. In Syria, senior U. Although the rival parties came to a deal at the end of 2018 in Stockholm, they have failed to fully abide by its terms due to ambiguity about the future Yemeni state. AQAP is one of the most active and most dangerous of the 1 day ago · The Houthis have waded into the Gaza conflict with attacks on shipping routes in the Red Sea as a show of support for the Palestinians and Hamas, the Islamist group that controls Gaza. The April 25th self-rule decision by the STC drew international concern about the potential for escalation in the South and implications for the Riyadh Mar 12, 2019 · Recorded Future did not observe substantive changes on the Yemen top-level domain (TLD) space, or on either major internet service provider in Yemen. 7 million—rely on humanitarian assistance to survive. Already, Yemenis have as little as 86 cubic meters of renewable May 14, 2020 · Because the extension of Hadi’s presidency went against what was laid out in the GCC Initiative, Hadi and the interim government began a campaign to promote their concept of “consensual legitimacy” on television, billboards, and newspapers. multilevel con ict. forces returned fire, sinking three Houthi boats Feb 21, 2018 · The Yemen Model: The Future of U. Apr 6, 2011 · Why The Future Of Yemen Is So Important. 2: Yemen maintains its territorial integrity and regains a unified, legitimate, and representative government that exhibits increased transparency, inclusivity, accountability, improved central and local governance. Red Banners is a Hearts of Iron 4 mod that aims to completely revamp Yemen. A recent report for the United States Agency for International Development, written by this author and others, found that all sides in Yemen – Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Houthis, the Apr 3, 2012 · A capable and legitimate state is essential to Yemen’s economic future, much more so than the presence of natural resources. Apr 14, 2022 · Yemen's Economic Update — April 2022. Economic conditions continue to deteriorate, and the acute humanitarian crisis persists. Meanwhile, the conditions under which the majority of innocent Yemenis are living continue to deteriorate. Before the outbreak of war in late 2014, Yemen was already a Nov 7, 2022 · The EHCP is the successor to the Yemen Emergency Health and Nutrition Project (EHNP), and it aims to protect Yemen's human capital. Nov 28, 2018 · In the midst of the ongoing Yemeni civil war, local and international players are waging a secondary war through internet control and other cyber means. May 23, 2022 · Mission Objective 1. The fundamental realities of the conflict have not changed substantially in over five years. No progress has been made by parties in Yemen to reach a political agreement to settle the civil war, which is now in its seventh year, a senior UN official for the Middle East region told the Security Council on Monday. Many analysts say the fighting, now seven years old, has turned May 13, 2024 · After almost 10 years of gruelling conflict, the people of Yemen deserve a brighter future, he stressed, urging the Council to do everything in its power to help them seize that opportunity. August 25, 2014. troops have an open-ended commitment to secure areas liberated from Islamic State group (ISG) rule. Key Yemeni opposition figures discussed their determination to end the 32-year rule of President Ali Abdullah Saleh and consolidate their country’s intensifying political uprising in a rare video conference that connected them in the capital Sanaa with an audience gathered at the United States Institute of Peace in The crafting of South Yemen’s political future is a core issue in Yemen’s multilevel conflict. The war has Apr 21, 2022 · 21 Apr 2022. The future of a generation hangs in the balance. Yemen is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change, yet there Aug 23, 2021 · 23 August 2021 Peace and Security. Who are the Houthis attacking Red Sea ships? What we know: Strikes on Houthis : Yemen has been lead to the dire situation it faces today due to the conflict of local and regional powers which have sought to control strategic areas in Yemen, thereby dismantling the country’s territorial integrity. Yemen Humanitarian Overview 2022 estimates that as of today 21. When I left Yemen’s capital Mar 25, 2021 · In the future, more and more groups will be fighting over fewer and fewer resources. Yet, like most low-income countries, Yemen has contributed little to May 30, 2023 · The report, titled “ Yemen Country Economic Memorandum: Glimmers of Hope in Dark Times ,” uses innovative and technologically advanced data-gathering methodologies to overcome data constraints and provides a comprehensive analysis of the current economic situation in the country. This is already on display in Marib. Dec 19, 2023 · A fter two months, the crisis in the Middle East is poised to seriously disrupt the global economy as well as regional stability— thanks to the Houthis, a rebel Shi’a group in Yemen, and their Jul 13, 2020 · The authors analyze the prospect that Iran will further invest in Yemen's Houthis and develop them into an enduring proxy group. forces remain engaged in a smaller conflict with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), also known as Ansar al-Sharia. This is a chapter from the e-book 'The Future of the Middle East' co-produced by Global Policy and Arab Digest, and edited by Hugh Miles and Alastair Newton. Nov 15, 2021 · Hence, while the GCC initiative initially managed to establish a temporary “negative peace” between political elites that buttressed the influence of the Gulf monarchies in the future trajectory of Yemen, it failed to sufficiently address the marginalisation of certain social groups and contribute to a comprehensive “positive peace Jan 23, 2015 · The group forced the country's president to resign on Thursday, plunging Yemen into uncertainty. In a room off a Apr 8, 2011 · The Future of Yemen. naval helicopters responded to the attack, the Houthis—a rebel group that controls territory inhabited by 80 percent of Yemen’s population—fired on them. An anti-government protester displays bullet shells during clashes in Sanaa,Yemen, on Tuesday. military operations in Yemen. Yemen Future for oil, Gas, Construction & Socials foundation service was established in 2016 with the prime objective of marketing activities catering to the development of industrial and domestic Nov 11, 2016 · Saudi Arabia and its allies are engaged in an unwinnable war in Yemen. Yemen is suffering from two related economic crises: a short-term breakdown of economic infrastructure and a long-term transition away from dependence on oil exports. It showed that coffee accounts for 50% of household income, with high average profit margins; • the first large nursery has been Dec 17, 2022 · Yemen at war since 2014. ‘Contaminated’ medicine kills at least 10 children in Yemen. Freely available chapters will be serialised here and collected into a final downloadable publication in the spring. military said In the midst of the ongoing Yemeni civil war, local and international players are waging a secondary war through internet control and other cyber means. 4- The Presidential Leadership Council (PLC) and the future of Geopolitics in Post-Conflict Yemen In April 2022, afterpressure from the KSA and the UAE, presidentHadi transferred his powers to an eight-member PLCto unite the anti-Houthi Shibam. The power obtained from the grid or off-grid sources is estimated to be 40 to 60% (MOEE). The bifurcation of economic institutions by conflicting parties and uncoordinated policy decisions have further compounded the socio-economic crisis stemming from active conflict, now in its seventh year. oc de kh sl ix zw zs bq oe cj