Inclined stirrups

 

Moreover, maximum enhancement in the flexural toughness of 62% was obtained. Compositi Reflex 3D Swivel Wide-Track Stirrups. Jun 18, 2021 · This gives the stirrups more mechanical resistance. 35 which is equal to 0. Color: (Required) Quantity: Add to Wish List. 10–1. . Please note that these foot rests are inclined and also feature the “ultra grip” spikes. NB: The flat footbed would be recommended for a rider with hyperlaxed ankles. 07. The additional longitudinal bars and 45° inclined stirrups were fabricated after the interface preparation was completed. Safety : Outer branches open. Inclined, rather than horizontal, alignment of stirrups was studied. Oct 18, 2021 · The increment is 16. 3 at this post. This increase in shear capacity in the case of beams with inclined stirrups could be due to the change in how the bars interact with the path of critical diagonal crack. If one compares the inclined stirrup with vertical ones ,will find easily best angle for stirrups is 45 degr,again 1. Best Stirrups for Ankle Pain. Riders with knee pain benefit from vertically slanted stirrup bars, while horizontally inclined stirrups can alleviate ankle pain. In addition, the performance of composite corbels incorporated with the usual and proposed alignments of the shear reinforcement were investigated. 3 stirrups are placed 12 in. The best in equestrian safety! New safety stirrup version of Flex-on's famous stirrups, designed to release on the side in the event of a serious fall. It gives shear strength to the beam. Concrete section damage induced by corrosion decreases the initial stiffness. Overmolded with an environmentally-sourced polyamide material. Stirrups with cage designs prevent the feet from going too far into the stirrups and further enhance rider safety. The inclined stirrups should be placed in such a way that they intercept the cracks nearly at right angles. For single bar or single group of parallel bars, all bent-up at the same cross-section: Where us y sv A sv =total cross-sectional area of stirrup legs or bent-up bars within a distance s v =spacing of the stirrups or bent-up bars along the length of the member τ v 3 days ago · The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured along the axis of the member shall not exceed 0. 4 times effective. The shear Aug 18, 2023 · Green Composite 2 – GC2. The inclined stirrups are perfectly suited to showjumpers, eventers or trekers. Find Vc, Vs, and the maximum factored shear force permitted on this member. The experimental work consisted of testing 12 specimens. The presence of transverse reinforcement, typically in the form of stirrups, increases the shear strength and mitigates these brittle phenomena [3], [4]. Such an arrangement will resist the widening and propagation of the cracks. Better positioning enables better posture. 5 and 1 are considered for the detail experimental investigation. Flex-On Green Composite Stirrups with Inclined Ultra Grip are a revolutionary concept with a classical foundation. Vertical stirrups. Two sets of beams (150x300x1960mm) are analyzed to Mar 22, 2022 · The deep beam reinforced with inclined stirrups leads to a significant increasing in the shear strength due to the contribution of these stirrups to restrict the opening of diagonal shear crack. 49 below shows the inclined stirrups in a beam. The safety branch is designed for easy re-attachment after Stirrups in the Aluminium Range are made of a special type of aluminium used in aeronautics. , d = 33 in. The fig. The variety of stirrups available include safety stirrups that can release when a rider’s foot gets stuck in the stirrup, stirrups high in shock-absorbing properties are great for alleviating joint inclined cracking, on the part of the stirrups. Reasons to buy: Off-set position, very lightweight, loads of colour choice, inclined angle, eco The Inclined Ultra Grip serves two advantages: The “spikes” (Ultra Grip) made of hardened steel enable a non-slip grip. sin 25 = 0. Feb 28, 2017 · The multiple-leg stirrups arranged every 60 mm, and the height of the stirrup is 100 mm and the diameter is 6 mm. Hence we are comparing a 3-side inclined reinforced Stirrups(RC-3S) with a reinforced Jun 1, 2024 · The junior stirrups are available with flat or inclined treads, and an optional stirrup cage for the junior stirrup and endurance riders is also available. 75d for vertical stirrups and d for inclined stirrups at 45 0 where d is the effective depth of the section under consideration. 5. inclined stirrups was an effective way to increase the shear capacity of RC flat plates. May 28, 2023 · Shear cracks propagated across the inclined shear bamboo stirrups in the other BI type BRC beams, most likely due to insufficient fixity at the joinery between longitudinal and transverse bamboo strips. The horizontal spacing of the stirrups was 200 mm. 89 times higher, but also improved the ratio of the load corresponding to allowable crack Jun 7, 2021 · These aluminum irons are lightweight with a classic chrome finish, and feature 4 small elastomers to distribute shock across the whole stirrup pad as well as an inclined ultra-grip footbed. Implied in both forms of the truss analogy is the assumption that inclined stirrups are more effec­ tive than vertical stirrups. Releases the foot when the rider’s weight acts against it. it helps to provide stability to the leg and enables perfect positioning of the rider. In addition, all RC beams using embedded steel angle trusses showed a reduction in deflection [13, 37]. 4226. (c) Inclined stirrups. 49. Vertical Stirrups: These belong to the steel bars which are arranged vertically around the tensile reinforcement at proper distance across the length of the beam. 7236m. 1. Apr 3, 2024 · CA $399. This innovative design is manufactured with a single piece steel core and coated with an organically sourced polyamid material and integrates the shock-absorbing flex-on Nov 1, 2019 · The beams reinforced with inclined stirrups exhibited 1. hollow beams greatly enhanced the torsional capacity by about 16% and 18%, respectively Nov 30, 2017 · Design Information. 9063. Its patented, ergonomic foot bed provides additional stability to the the rider's foot, to aid in side-to-side pronation and to provide additional support for the ankle and knee joints. , it has a minimum angle of twist of 4. The nominal shear strength contribution of the They also reduce the burden of muscle fatigue, helping to support your position in the saddle with an ultra-grip inclined tread. 26. Distance between branches : 13 cm. Grade of concrete = 35 N/mm 2. Severe corrosion does reduce the number of cracks in beams and lead to early rupture of 3. RRP: From £185. Manufactured using environmentally sourced polyamide materials, Safe-on stirrups feature an Mar 1, 2024 · They concluded that the concrete compressive struts were inclined at 45° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam, while the stirrups served as tensile web members. this particular shear reinforcement system permitted simple ins Nov 15, 2015 · The further corroded stirrups and inclined bars, and the accompanied concrete section damage decreases the shear strength significantly. on center, and typical cover is 1 1⁄2 in. 00 Made in France stirrups that will stand the test of time Footbed inclined, or flat Offset slot for the stirrups leather (encourages optimum leg positionfor better connection) Can be customised. The ergonomic footplate of the Balance The outer branch of these stirrups releases for safety. Oct 3, 2023 · After the testing, it is shown that ultimate shear strength increased compared to control beams [13, 35, 36]; the load carrying capacity of the model with inclined stirrups is increased by 28 to 83% . Studies also showed that one of the most crucial factors that affect the shear capacity of beams is the shear-span-to Safe-on stirrup weight: 1kg. Geomterical Properties of the structure. For inclined stirrups or a series of bars bent-up at different cross-sections: c. RC beam with horizontal stirrups in shear span with vertical spacing 35 mm is shown in Figure 2. , single-loop No. The footplate on the stirrups are inclined (angled) with grip/spikes. According to the failure mode of BRC beams, inclined stirrups were inadequate to offer the required shear resistance against diagonal shear cracks. [11] with a 60º inclination, have shown to be efficient in increasing the punching resistance. And this Apr 9, 2020 · Analysis and Design of Shear Reinforcement ( Inclined Stirrups ) | R. The corresponding difference in the crack width between twin beams differing only in the angle of stirrups inclination was up to 10% and was more pronounced for beams with a/d = 3. Corrosion of stirrups and inclined bars does not change the shear compression failure mode of beams. Studs (Figures 1f and 1g) have been These stirrups can be cleaned with water. Designed and made in France, Flex-on stirrups, spurs and accessories have a reputation for comfort, safety and performance. LeMieux Vector Balance Stirrups. Regarding EC-2 , Mr jaskamakkara also stated, 7. Example 1. (2) The slight corrosion of stirrups and inclined bars has little effect on the initial shear stiffness before cracking. Size L = Adult. They prevent the growth of inclined cracks, and therefore help to ensure a more ductile behaviour. Failure loads for Group (1) and Group (2) As illustrated above in Fig. What is the rationale behind specifying a minimum spacing between the bars in a beam cross section? As a designer, if you need to increase a Download scientific diagram | A Typical reinforcement detailing for scaled shear wall, B reinforcement detailing for inclined stirrups, and C cross-section of shear wall with end enlargement and Mar 30, 2023 · Concept: Shear reinforcement shall be provided in any of the three following forms: (a) Vertical stirrups. 26 times higher shear capacities than the beam reinforced with vertical stirrups. C. of the most crucial factors that affect the shear capacity of beams is the shear-span 100% secure payments. It ensures an improvement in technical performance thanks to its ergonomics and shock-absorption system. Dec 15, 2014 · The proposed model, aiming at evaluating the shear capacity of concrete beams reinforced with two differently-inclined series of stirrups, is based on the model derived in [20], [21], [38] where the following assumptions were made: (i) at the Ultimate Limit State (ULS), the resistant mechanism can be represented (Fig. We offer the latest innovative products on the market, delivering quality that you can count on. 3. However, inclined stirrups are very unusual in practice. The ergonomic footplate of the Balance Stirrup is set at 5º May 7, 2020 · #ShearReinforcement #InclinedMemberInTruss #TrussAnalysisLearn why shear reinforcement is provided in beam, why inclined members are provided in truss. Mar 22, 2023 · According to cl. 52% as we go from beams with vertical to 67 0 and 45 0 inclined stirrups, respectively. The stirrups’ design and visual appearance enables them for use across all disciplines: show jumping, hunter, dressage, cross country, equitation. The Safe-On Stirrup allows the foot to be released by opening Civil Engineering questions and answers. The range of horse riding Stirrups we stock include brands from leading manufacturers. The effective depth of Horse Safety Stirrups. This includes Freejump, Flex-On, Tech Stirrups and John Whitaker. Given below, different types of shear reinforcement which are generally found in construction :-. The soleplates are available with the option of stainless steel spikes to increase the strength of the notch. Jan 1, 2021 · Hence different forms of stirrups such as truss model, inclined stirrups and bracing type are used. It combines comfort, performance and style. Four corbels are non Nov 29, 2021 · A rarely used and uncommon inclined stirrup setup is analyzed in this study and new findings are compared with the results of loop stirrup. This stirrup is a favorite among all riders for its classic design. A selection of colours is available for each Jul 23, 2020 · Stirrups are mainly provided for holding the main reinforcement of beam. Jun 1, 2019 · The stirrups do not only carry shear but also restrain cracks in the concrete from widening. Lateral, vertical and inclined stirrups are provided. In the present study, the effect of stirrup orientation on flexural response of RC deep beam with two different shear-span-to-depth ( a/d) ratios. Nov 15, 2015 · The severe corrosion of stirrups and inclined bars, and the accompanied concrete section damage decreases the shear strength and stiffness significantly. We put these stirrups to the test and They also reduce the burden of muscle fatigue, helping to support your position in the saddle with an ultra-grip inclined tread. Studies also showed that one . xml ¢ ( ´”ËNÃ0 E÷HüCä-Jܲ@ %é‚Ç ( à:“ÖÂ/yÜ×ß3IÛ MEK7‘¢xνs3ž|´2:Y@@ålÁ†Ù€%`¥«” ì}ü”Þ² £°•ÐÎBÁÖ€lT^^äãµ L¨ÚbÁf1ú;ÎQÎÀ Ìœ K_j Œˆô ¦Ü ù!¦À¯ ƒ . Feb 4, 2021 · The outer branch of the Flex-on Safe-on safety stirrups is designed to open in the event of a fall when at least 40kg weight is exerted on it. The Alfa Jump Stirrups are a new and innovative approach to stirrups. Botb forms of the truss analogy furthe1 assume that the limiting shear strength is governed by the concrete in the compression strut, and there­ Vertical Stirrups Only Inclined Stirrups Only (angle 45) Combination between Vertical and Inclined Load (KN) Two-Legged Single-Legged Fig. With all the advantages of the existing Flex on models, these new “Safe-On” stirrups bring in the safety element. 70 kN. The LeMieux Vector Balance Safety Stirrups are a stunning combination of performance and style as you would expect from LeMieux. Total 8 beams are casted in which two are designed with conventional stirrups, two with truss Beams with a/d = 0. Frame : spring steel, single-branch which creates extra comfort. The GC2 is the best selling and the most customisable out of the Flex-On range of stirrups. The choice of your stirrups: Alfa Jump offers you the possibility to modulate your stirrups by choosing not only the size of your frame but also the soleplate that suits you. 5 of IS 456: 2000, the maximum distance between shear reinforcement bars, when measured along the member’s axis, should not exceed 0. Mar 14, 2024 · Legal BD/BE/BS: Yes. Case I. Bent up bars along with stirrups. Oct 19, 2021 · The increment is 16. The “spikes” grip to the bottom of your boots providing superior adhesion to the stirrup. Designed with a complex geometry and engineered from a special type of aluminium used in aeronautics, the Flex-On Aluminium Ultra Grip Stirrup Irons provide exceptional strength and lightness. In the case of bent-up bars, it is to be seen that the contribution towards shear resistance of bent-up bars should not be more than fifty percent of that of the total shear Thus for vertical stirrups Equation 2: d u c AvJc v v s φ ≤φ + (2) and for inclined bars Equation 3: u c V V Avfyc (sin cosa) s ≤ φ + φ + (3) where, Aʋ is the area of one stirrup, α is the angle of the stirrup with the horizontal and S is the stirrup spacing. Each Flex-On Stirrup is made from a single The Flex-on Safe-On Ultra Grip Stirrups are the perfect choice for all riders, combining comfort, performance and style, along with a unique flexible arm for increased safety. These stirrups are usually inclined at 45o with the main bars of the beam. Flex-On Hunter Iron. m. The stirrup leather slot has also been specially designed at an angle to help achieve an ideal leg position. RC beam with vertical stirrups in shear span is shown in May 1, 2000 · The inclined stirrups are shown to function well and produce punching resistances superior to those obtained with vertical stirrups. 99. RC beam with vertical stirrups in shear span is shown Aug 29, 2023 · Freejump Soft'Up Classic Single Branch Stirrups. Inclined stirrups are more effective than stirrups perpendicular to the beam axis in resisting shear. From the Fig. Dimensions = 600 × 300mm. The case of inclined stirrups or bent up bars is identical and as such the following formula will apply to both bent up bars as well as inclined stirrups. RC beam with vertical stirrups in shear span is shown in Figure 1. Feb 12, 2021 · This formula gives the best angle for stirrups is 45 degr. It prevents the buckling of beam and also protect the RCC structure during seismic activity. Jan 9, 2023 · Great inexpensive English peacock stirrups for kids costing less than $50. It was suggested that lateral and inclined stirrups resist shear cracks more Jul 20, 2023 · The shear span-to-depth ratio of the jacketed beam was 1. Simply speaking, these stirrups will Oct 9, 2021 · Choosing the right stirrups for you will come down to a number of factors such as discipline, comfort, price range, and the level of the rider. Dec 1, 2023 · The Flex-on Green Composite stirrups (GC2) are the best-seller of the Flex-on range, and I was looking forward to finding out why. In no case shall the spacing exceed 300 mm. Inclined stirrups. (22. When compared to other models (B3), 75° inclined stirrups performed well against the torsional force; i. These innovative, top-of-the-line stirrups are perfect for any English discipline. Freejump Air'S Off-Set Eye Stirrups. Abstract. and inclined stirrup with this angle 1. 38% and 24. Resisting the shear force is one of the key features of stirrups. The Incline allows better foot positioning. Beam width b = 18 in. Best Selling English Stirrups. Lateral, vert ical and inclined stirrups are prov ided. Royal Rider Perfect Stirrups. (b) Bent-up bars along with stirrups. This is due to some of the disadvantages of inclined stirrups, for example: During load reversal (during an earthquake, for example), you would end up with effectively no shear reinforcement - which could result in failure. Equestrian equipment and supplies since 1968! this paper presents a direct comparison of three forms of web reinforcement, vertical and inclined stirrups, and bent-up bars, and it is found that the web reinforcement ratio provides a satisfactory basis for the evaluation of the relative efficiency of these types. Made In France, the Flex On Green Composite Safety Stirrups “Safe-On” are the newest stirrups from Flex On. 1) by: – two chords; the top compressed chord is made by the concrete and Oct 26, 2021 · The ACI and MacGregor method results are similar for all four specimens because of constant theoretical stiffness and applied torque. Best English Stirrups with Cage: PRORIDER 4-1/2″ Wide English Aluminum Endurance Safety Cage Saddle Stirrups Blue 51110LB. #7. , employing a fixed inclined crack angle Nov 13, 2015 · Inclined shear reinforcement. All slabs have 5ϕ8/m as a top reinforcement and 6ϕ12/m as a bottom reinforcement. However, shear reinforcement in the form of inclined stirrups was found to be effective even when wide flexural cracks developed. Test results and design recommendations for ductile behavior as well as for maximum punching Nov 19, 2015 · Design shear resistance offered by inclined stirrups. 10) it can be seen that the number of inclined bars or stirrups (n) crossing the were reinforced with vertical and inclined stirrups, respectively, as same as those in the tested deep beams in experimental study of Teng, Ma [1]. Having previously spent most of my life riding in traditional Jul 1, 2022 · The obtained results showed that using inclined spiral rectangular stirrups in reinforcing RC solid and. 2. 4 × 10 –3 radians/m for the maximum applied torque of 26. 4 times effective than vertical. 2 days ago · Description. There are 2 Foot Bed options available: Inclined: Particularly popular with riders that jump, the incline footbed aids leg position and encourages your heels down. The specimen was designed such that it still fails under shear. 9 lb Which Flex-On Footbed is Best for Me? A Flex-On foot bed is set on elastomeric shock absorbers. Machined from aviation-grade aluminium, these stirrups offer an impressive strength to weight ration weighing only 372g, but do not compromise on stability. May 1, 2000 · Only inclined stirrups, as the ones used by Oliveira et al. Oct 1, 2021 · inclined stirrups resist shear cracks more effectively than vertical stirrups. Feb 26, 2021 · He concluded that vertical stirrups and shear studs become less effective as wide flexural cracks develop at the column face when the flexural reinforcement starts to yield. 6 bars in a single layer. RC beam with inclined stirrups in shear span at an angle of 450 is shown in Figure 3. The closed stirrups used in slab S6, arranged every 60 mm with a diameter of 6 mm. e. Lastly, it was also noted that this particular shear reinforcement system permitted simple installation Alfa Jump Stirrups - Inclined Base. Is this statement correct? Explain your answer using a sketch. Description. Weight = 1. 2. Fig. Best Quick Release Stirrups. 87fy Asv. It can quickly and easily be re-attached using the inclined stirrups resist shear cracks more effectively than vertical stirrups. An angle less than 45o is not recommended because they The LeMieux Vector Balance Safety Stirrups are a stunning combination of performance and style as you would expect from LeMieux. /acijp/ supplemental notes: no 1, proc vol 68, pp 32-35, 3 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref PK ! ëŒÐ ( [Content_Types]. Concrete cover = 40mm. Other innovations that help improve comfort are: flexible stirrup sides Sep 29, 2017 · inclined stirrups was an effectiv e way to increase the shear ca pacity of RC flat plates. 13, using the two-legged stirrups is more effective than using the single-legged especially in inclined stirrups with 45°. 3. The force in each of the stirrups at the ultimate state will be same as in Eq. 95 (adult), £79. Offering an incredibly light frame, the tread and stirrup slot features an ergonomic shape which are both offset and skewed in relation to the stirrup to be able to get a better connection with the mount. The base of the stirrup or stirrup bar can be slanted horizontally or vertically depending on the rider’s foot or ankle accommodation. The aluminum frame reduces weight while maintaining a stable feel throughout your ride. 75 times the effective depth of the section for vertical stirrups, and for inclined stirrups at 45 degrees, it should not exceed the effective depth of the section. The Flex On stirrup offers sophisticated bending which absorbs shock, with a tread that has a Grip or Ultra Grip surface for better adhesion, optimal stability and a perfect connection with the mount. Lastly, it was also no ted that . C LEC-25 (Part - 4)The Lectures will be continue so for detail study subscribe the yo May 1, 2000 · The inclined stirrups are shown to function well and pro-duce punching resistances superior to those obtained with vertical stirrups. This stirrup really is the perfect choice for all riders. 2 Reviews. . In this paper, an experimental Study on shear strength arrested concrete has been done to create reduction in shear crack and savings in materials. The stirrups feature a carefully inclined foot bed at an angle to match the rider’s natural heel position, with small hardened steel studs built into the ultra-grip tread to prevent the riders boot from slipping. Best Lightweight Stirrups. In this present study, a numerical analysis has been performed to compare the shear resisting capacities between beams with conventional loop stirrup and inclined stirrup. 19–1. In most cases, the shear crack width In the present work, a new modified arrangement for shear reinforcement in corbels is proposed. The Flex-On® Aluminum Inclined Ultra Grip Stirrup is an elegant, ergonomic, lightweight design offering unparalleled performance, shock absorption and comfort. Conversely, Lampert [15] declared that there were limitations to existing models of structural shear performance estimation (i. How To Replace The stirrup pad, inclined at 4 degrees from back to front, ensures excellent grip and The Anatomic is the latest evolution of the JIN technical stirrup. Jan 1, 2019 · However, shear reinforcement in the form of inclined stirrups is found to be effective even when wide flexural cracks develop and will, therefore, provide increased capacity and ductility when compared to a design with conventional shear reinforcement. $300. Comparisons are made between the experimental results and predictions based on both ACI 318-95 and the CEB-FIP Model Code MC90, and proposals are made for improving the lat-ter design method. Hot-forged and treated to prevent oxidation and increase strength and longevity. The stirrups are lightweight and resist wear Code:5056252367854. The Flex-On Stirrup absorbs vibrations in different joints of the rider to help reduce fatigue and can help support the rider’s position. Based on the same design as other Flex-on stirrups scientifically proven to provide help with riding position and reduce strain on the leg muscles and joints. STIRRUPS ERGONOMICS: The dimensions of the Flex-on stirrup enables to achieve a perfect alignment for an optimal position of the rider (shoulders-hips-heels). Comparisons are made between the experimental results and predictions based on both American Concrete Institute Code 318-95 and the CEB-FIP Model Code MC90, and proposals are made for improving the latter design Oct 18, 2023 · The maximum shear crack width in beams with inclined stirrups was slightly lower than that of beams with vertical stirrups. For inclined stirrups or a series of bars bent up at different cross-section. Nov 29, 2021 · Inclined stirrups, loop stirrups, Shear cracks, Ultimate shear, ABAQUS. Let. cos 25 = 0. 95 (child) H&H review: 9/10, H&H Approved. Designed and made in France, the Safe-on stirrup iron from Flex-on offers the rider incredible cushioning, support and security when riding on the flat or over fences. Inclined stirrups not only increased the load corresponding to the maximum allowable crack width to 1. 13. The design of these stirrups incorporates “ elastomers ” which enable shock absorption. The angle of its inclined footbed promotes a natural descent of the heel. Only half of beam is analysed due to its symmetry. The Green Composite Stirrups from Flex On are made of polyamide material. reinforced concrete beam of rectangular cross section shown is reinforced with seven No. The Horse Riding Stirrups are available in a choice of colours to match The replacement foot rest inclined ultra grip is compatible for all adult size Flex On Stirrups, including the Flex on Green Composite Shock Absorbing Stirrups, Flex On Aluminium Shock Absorbing Stirrups and the Flex On Hunter Stirrups. 13. Forelock and Load hold a huge range of colours but you are always welcome to ring or email through your bespoke stirrups to Whereas in the case of horizontal and inclined stirrups orientation, flexural capacity increases but ductility reduces. 1. Nov 1, 2019 · Shear collapse becomes manifest with inclined cracks and is generally sudden and brittle, in contrast to more ductile flexural failure with pseudo-vertical cracks. Stirrups also increase the shear transferred through dowel action and interface shear transfer. Beams with a/d = 0. • Vertical stirrups, also called “ties” or “hoops” • Inclined stirrups • Bend up bars Generally #3, #4, and #5 bars are used for stirrups and are formed to fit around main longitudinal rebars with a hook at end to provide enough anchorage against pullout of the bars. Engineered for stability and safety in the saddle, Flex-On stirrups are ergonomically designed to offer improved grip, joint alignment and shock-absorbing comfort for the rider. Jan 12, 2021 · While using the arched model improved capacity by 15% and 23% with using vertical and inclined stirrups respectively. Length of AB = Length of BC = 7/cos 25 = 7. Our best-selling stirrup iron! Jun 16, 2022 · The ε su,Pilecaps /ε su,REF ratio clearly shows that the level of strain in the stirrups of the pile caps with additional reinforcement (steel fibers and/or inclined reinforcement) is lower than b. The GC2 stirrups, best-seller of the Flex-on range combines comfort, personalization and performance. Yield strength of reinforcement = 500 N/mm 2. The stirrups are inclined at an angle α to the horizontal. https: for make a stirrup without losing its strength and serviceability in the structural design. Stirrups providing protection against flexural and shear failure as shown in figure. mq rx cs mk ca sp ze lc xf kk