Model trains to build

 

com brands! Modeling Small Layouts features 14 articles with step-by-step guides, 4 all-new track plans, more than 180 photos, and many expert tips and tricks to help you take your layout to the next level. $5995. The size, 4 x 8 feet, is the traditional starter train table for the good reason. May 9, 2023 · A screwdriver and hammer are essential tools that will come in handy when assembling your table. Playz Train Steam Engine Model Kit to Build for Kids with Real Steam, STEM Science Kits for Kids, Model Engine Kits for Adults and Educational Hobby Gift, Mini Engine Set, Engineering Toy Boys & Girls. Stay updated. The purpose of writing the model trains for beginners guide is to help save you the frustration from making costly building mistakes plus help you save time and money during the construction process. Next, we build a basic HO layout on our table. Keep the wheels, axles, and couplers clean and free from debris. Tom’s design is closer to the wider, scenicked gate in the article you’re asking about. I also placed Kato track to see how it would fit on the diorama. Perfect for railway train layouts. Add To Cart. Klein and by the 1970s what had started as a hardware store had transformed into a model train store. $110. Atlas # atl706. Sort By. You can build highly detailed and functional model railway layouts in this game. N Scale is generally about half the size of HO Scale. All you need is a quiet stretch of track and a paved area alongside Dec 18, 2022 · Former MR editor Neil Besougloff demonstrated this simple technique for modeling rocks on a budget in the “Step By Step” column in our January 2010 issue. Many of our electric train sets include remote controls and are DCC equipped so that you can add realism to your train track. Hobbylinc carries 73 pre-built n scale model railroad buildings at discounts up to 28%. Rest assured that we stand behind all of our model train items. com brands! Build a model or structure using the resources on this landing page at Trains. Easy to use for a life long purchase. Introduction of Model Trains for Beginners. We built two of these tables and added a small section between them to make one large area. Manufacturer MRC. Not only does it raise the monetary cost of your hobby, but it also eliminates a lot of the fun and sense of accomplishment that comes from building a railroad. These tabletops can be assembled with only a few tools: saw Manufactured elements, objects, structures, and model train buildings on a scale railroad need to portray a likeness to their real life counterparts. Nov 17, 2023 · Get Updates. 3 Inch Mixed Model Tree Train Scenery Architecture Trees Fake Trees for DIY Crafts, Building Model, Scenery Landscape Natural Green. Contact us at 1-800-225-4425 to find your next train set! Dec 19, 2023 · The first step is to determine where on your layout you want the tunnel, a step which you have likely already completed. The Black River Junction originally appeared in the pages of Model Railroader in 2007. Nov 10, 2011 · This train table provides solid benchwork for building a small model railroad. All you need is some Sculptamold (a papier The start-to-finish construction tutorial of this great little 17x30 inch N scale model railroad that is small enough to fit on almost any table or even a de Shop All Model Trains. For great prices and customer s Model Train Stuff was founded in 1913 as M. The legs supporting the layout are attached to the beam, while the joists supporting the roadbed are attached to the flange. Before beginning construction of the tunnel, be sure that your track is secured, weathered, and ballasted, since once the Buildings can also convey an era. • Platform or grid. Manufacturer PIKO. Hobbylinc carries over 200 o scale model railroad buildings at discounts up to 35%. 3. Whether you enjoy exploring model railways, the joy of controlling model trains, the experience of a scenic railway journey or the freedom of building your own tracks and creations, then Rolling Line can deliver! When assembled, position the model buildings on your N scale, OO gauge, or HO scale railroad, or use them to add character and authenticity to a diorama scene. A small industry building like a corrugated-metal coal tipple for loading a few hoppers can date back to the early 1900s, but tall coal flood loaders with silos for loading entire trains have been around only since the 1970s. As a result, I compiled the 10 essential tool kit below. About This Game. They are designed to click together using Kato Unitrack. Woodland Scenics is ranked #1 out of 237 model trains manufacturers, followed by Atlas, and Bachmann. He designed and built his own buildings for his layout, and used real rocks and gravel for his scenery along with plaster. • Subroadbed. Passenger Station Kit. Measure the dimensions of your model train. Anything that is a scaled down copy of full sized object will fit into that category including: road and rail bridges, brick walls, houses, telephone poles, fences, vehicles, shops and retail Passenger Station Kit. Some of these obstacles that must be worked around are doors, walls, windows, load-bearing walls and pillars, and appliances like sinks, laundry Mar 10, 2023 · Here are the steps involved in building a wooden model train construction plan: 1. This article will guide you through the basics of model railroading 101, providing you with essential tips and advice on how to get started. As an Unlimited Member, you’ll get complete access to all content on Trains. A pair of hinged angle braces and flush hangers support the open test track, and it’s Train sets are an easy way to build up your model train collection with locomotives and rolling stock cars. By constructing a customized table, you establish the landscape on which your miniature world will unfold. You may want to have a small shelf switching-type layout, point to point, or a large basement or attic-sized empire with multiple continuously running trains in a loop to loop fashion with lots of side branches, junctions Apr 11, 2023 · The concept of building a model railroad on a shelf is fairly straight forward – straight being the operative term. Shop for G Scale Buildings scene details & Structures Model Trains At TrainWorld to find the lowest prices to build the best model train layouts for beginners and model railroad hobbyists. 95 $18. 333. Scale G. This particular scale is much smaller than HO scale and even N scale. Rail height varies by weight. $2299. A flat tabletop is a lot easier to build than L-girder benchwork, and almost any home has room for a 4 x 8 table at Faller 242316 N Children’s merry-go-round. Research the architectural styles and building materials prevalent during that time and place. Make sure the edges are nice and straight. Grant Graeber converted the layout to the space he had available and made adjustments Nov 12, 2021 · The HO scale ratio is 1:87. We specialize in HO & N Scale Built Up, Painted, Weathered Buildings and Structures: We offer custom built weathered model railroad buildings to give you the most While the large HO scale (1:87 scale) is the most popular scale, N scale trains (ranging from 1:148 to 1:160) is easily the second most popular model railroading size. These kits require a steady hand and a keen eye but reward the builder with a stunningly detailed miniature that is true to the original in every way. 99 $89. (Please excuse my untidy workspace). May 9, 2022 · Plan 3: Mountain mine. This product is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to cut and shape with ordinary woodworking tools, and it’s strong enough in compression strength to be suitable for many model railroad purposes. T-TRAK is a modular N scale railroading system that uses small foot-wide boxes to build tabletop layouts. An L girder is very strong – the span between the legs can be as much as 13 feet. Sep 28, 2023 · Built by Others is an article series showcasing layouts constructed by modelers using plans and projects from the pages of Model Railroader and its associated products. When selecting structures, consider the era of your trains and the geographic location of your layout. 35 Pieces Model Trees 1. Before diving into the construction of your model railroad, it’s essential to gather the necessary tools. So, lets not waist any more time and get building. Most railroads run from point A to point B in as reasonably HO Scale Model Railroad Building. A Phillips head is the most commonly used type of screwdriver for assemblage, but you may also need a flathead for certain types of screws. From there, determine the end points of the tunnel, and the length of the tunnel walls on each side. Megahobby. Your model train display may be as large or as small as you wish based on your own space, time and monetary constraints. This is an O Scale Plastic Greenhouse with Flowers Building Kit From the Plasticville Series by Bachmann. Dec 8, 2023 · Choose an era and location that be modeled using a basic train table setup that suits your space, simplistic track work for operation, and easy-to-replicate scenery, terrain and structures. . T. This comes at a price, though, in two ways. 2. Wish List. Call us toll-free at 888-642-0093 so we can help you find exactly what you need! Faller 120177 HO 3-Stall roundhouse (long type) kit. Add to cart. PJs Train Shack gives you the comfort of a 100% satisfaction guarantee. 3D printed Z scale trains are ideal if you want a small project to work with. Feb 3, 2010 · A simple, sturdy way to support your layout is by gluing a 1 x 2 flange horizontally to a 1 x 4 vertical beam to form an L-shaped girder. Jim Hediger of Model Railroader magazine developed this train table and we highly recommend it. 2 days ago · Introducing the Trains. Download Your Free Model Buildings Catalog Showing the Comprehensive Range of Scaled Printable Paper Models Available on this Website. Number 0001200. […] Jan 26, 2016 · Model Railroader is the world's largest magazine on model trains and model railroad layouts. We feature beginner and advanced help on all model railroading scales, including layout track plans, model railroad product reviews, model train news, and model railroad forums. Woodland Scenics is ranked #1 out of 73 pre-built model railroad buildings manufacturers, followed by Tichy Train Group, and JL Mar 1, 2023 · Using different sizes is a good way to differentiate the apparent purpose of model track: for example, in HO, using code 83 for the main line and code 70 for spurs and sidings. The passing track will hold two 40-foot coal hoppers, and the spur in the tunnel should be just long enough for one hopper and a short engine. com. $45. com from our family of brands, PLUS thousands of issues in the magazine archives, our all-new video series and workshops, live webcams, behind-the-scenes events and tours, and more! Start Your 30-Day Free Trial Why Join. 29. It's also entirely independent, so you can build with almost any track. Whether you’re a seasoned enthusiast or a newbie to the world of model railroading, this thorough book will help you get Consider it a FREE SAMPLE! That way you can try before you buy any of the other 160+ scale model buildings in the series. FREE delivery Wed, Jun 12 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. S. This was a great learning process for me and I am thankful for my good friend La For most, the basement is the most popular answer to where to build a model railroad. Supporting structure. Bandai MS-09 Dom "Mobile Gundam Suit" Master Grade Plastic Model Kit, 1/100 Scale $61. We are glad to help !!! PIKO #62005 Grundplatten-Set - Baseplates. Bryson and Brian are deep in concentration as they work on assembling an assortment of First I use a type of insulation foam which is used to insulate houses, the off cut’s are ideal to make models. It’s the standard size of a sheet of plywood. (From the article “Three track plans for one sheet of plywood” from the August 2008 Model Railroader) HO scale model railroads are often small layouts based on 4 x 8-foot sheets of plywood, for obvious reasons. Creating the track layout is very easy with the self explaining menus, which offer always only the possible Apr 20, 2022 · 10 essential tools to start building New to the model railroad hobby, I started exploring the world of tools and kit building over the past 90 days. John Allen (1913-1973) – The “Wizard of Monterey Apr 5, 2022 · Building An HO Layout Table – Episode 1. 1: Track planning. The most popular pre-built n scale model railroad buildings brands include Woodland Scenics, Imex Model Co, Bachmann, Model Power, and Kato USA Inc. Track. This tutorial will address the basic building blocks of constructing a model railroad from start to Nov 1, 2023 · Medium tan in a flat latex wall paint works well for model railroad scenery. gy/3v7idaLatest Videos: https://rb. Ratio: 1:220. $22. AnyRail enables you to rocket through the planning phase, or tinker to your heart's content - you don't have to be a computer expert to ROKR 3D Wooden Puzzle for Adults-Mechanical Train Model Kits-Brain Teaser Puzzles-Vehicle Building Kits-Unique Gift for Kids on Birthday/Christmas Day (1:80 Scale) (MC501-Prime Steam Express) 1,683. This is just the bare bones needed to begin building your first plastic kit. Some of the most important factors that must be considered when planning a model railroad are the size and shape of the train room and the placement of immovable fixtures. The middle and bottom drawings in my sketch are examples of this. Scenery & terrain construction Rivers, ponds, hills, roads, fields, trees and grass-making tips and techniques to help you make landscapes and scenery. Dec 11, 2022 · Practically anything that can extend over a track – a bridge, a building, trees, a station canopy, a snow shed or slide shed, even a signal bridge – can be used to disguise openings in the backdrop or other types of tunnels. Below in chronological order are a series of articles and videos taking you through the process of building a model railroad from start to finish. A hammer will be useful for driving nails into the wood, while a rubber mallet can help you tap pieces of Apr 8, 2021 · If you’re building a coach or intermodal yard that will regularly handle 80-to-90-foot rolling stock, you can use no. 510. It’s not an all-inclusive list, and it doesn’t mention Model Railroad Buildings are our specialty. Manufacturer Faller. Accessories - HO Scale is the most popular of the 8 pre-built model railroad buildings categories, then HO Scale, and N Scale. Nov 7, 2022 · How to build a train table. The destination for the most extensive collection of model railroad how-to videos, techniques, insight and inspiration. Model train tips & techniques Model railway tips and guides to planning, designing, building and maintaining layouts for model trains, spanning all gauges, including N, 009, TT, OO and HO scale. You can start with different empty terrain types and populate them with beautiful 3D models of engines, wagons, buildings, plants etc. com is the USA's largest online hobby shop with over 50,000 products in stock for same-day shipping, including plastic model kits, model railroading, model rockets, paints and supplies, and much more. Foam as a Base. First using Elmer's clear glue. Suitable for Ages 8 & Older. Shop online for over 35,800 model trains at discounts up to 89%. The roof of the tunnel was shaped by using a Oct 10, 2023 · Building Your First Model Railroad. T-TRAK Project part 1: Back in the game again: Modelers David Popp, Brian Schmidt, and Bryson Sleppy begin a series of projects build a small modular T-TRAK N scale layout. They’re named for the horse teams that pulled the wagons that used to load and unload the freight cars. Items 1 - 35 of 15111. $79. Jan 15, 2020 · Model railroading is a hobby that allows you to buy almost anything you need, ready to go right out of the box. In this first video we go over building the tables for our train layout to be built on. The end sills and cross members need to be cut 47″ long to allow for the thickness of the side sills. Inspect the locomotives and rolling stock regularly for any signs of wear or damage. Get clear and straightforward instructions to build your layout and gain confidence in this exciting hobby. HO Scale Model Railroad Building. More Buying Choices. com Unlimited Membership. On many occasions I do not use a portal for the train tunnel, but carve my own into the foam, this model I decided to paint a resin postal to use. Build your own “very real” replica scale railroad buildings, model houses, shops, silos, factories, old wild west town and mining structures, etc. FREE delivery Mon, Jun 10. With this FREE SAMPLE you’ll even get 4 signs to go on the front of the building. Scale N. Z scale allows for intricate detail and are suitable for limited spaces. Jan 23, 2024 · Creating a model train table is both a fulfilling project for rail enthusiasts and a unique way to display a collection. Even if your prototype didn’t have any tunnels, you have options. G Scale Standard Gauge O Modern O MPC O Postwar O Prewar O Scale 2-Rail S Modern S Postwar Oct 10, 2023 · Regular maintenance and servicing of your model trains are vital for their longevity and optimal performance. Or fastest delivery Thu, May 2. The legs are made by nailing 40″-long plywood strips together with short lengths of 2 x 2 added to the ends of the legs with T nuts to hold leveling screws. ” (All three of those plans are available on Trains. We can plan a basic layout that provides for growth to spread costs over a comfortable period - while allowing you to enjoy each part built. Z scale model train layouts are a great choice for compact layout designs. B. Whether you’re a longtime enthusiast or someone brand new to the world of model railroading, building your first model railroad is an exciting and rewarding endeavor. Here are the most common kinds of signals used on model railroads, including links to articles on how to build them. Bandai Hobby SAND LAND Tank 104 Plastic Model Kit, 1/35 Scale $67. Steven Otte sketches some types of tunnels that Popular manufacturers of HO scale trains include Athearn, Atlas, Bachmann, Intermountain, Walthers, and Rapido, among many more. The series will follow along as I build my dream layout, from an idea to a model railroad you can be proud of. Number 62005. Scale ON30, HO, N, Z. 6 turnouts, but the principles I’ll be illustrating here are the same. FREE delivery Mon, May 6 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. $104. Z scale trains are the smallest size of model train available, each train being roughly the size of an adult’s finger or smaller. The Atlas Passenger Station is a composite design combining the more attractive features from several of the many styles of stations erected by the nation's railroads, in countless numbers throughout the country. 1. 99 USD. MRC 0001200 TECH 6 Sound Controller 2. My first layout was on a 4 x 8 sheet of 3/4” plywood on top of an old dining room table. Model Railway Millionaire is a model railway simulation game, where you have to build and operate your railway system so, that you earn enough game currency View on Facebook Compose your own Wonder World of lovely model engines, waggons, buildings, vegetations and more! This week we take a look at how the benchwork (train table) was constructed. Enjoy designing your layout - AnyRail ensures everything fits. Shop online for over 900 pre-built model railroad buildings at discounts up to 62%. Benchwork for a small layout. Dec 3, 2023 · In August 2008’s Model Railroader I wrote an article called “Three track plans for one sheet of plywood. Build a Model Railroad. Get updates and special offers via email from Trains. Use foam to build up the basic topography of your layout before moving on to finer details. Team tracks are where cars are spotted for industries that don’t have their own rail spurs. $1899. 0 Hybrid DC/DCC System. You can use sifted real dirt, tiny rocks, ground-up Dec 3, 2023 · The first step I did was to use acrylic earth tone paint for the packing foam top and then acrylic black paint for the top using a foam brush. First, Gerry works to build up a plate girder bridge to span the space, before establishing a base layer of scenery for Our Price. Begin your adventure today! 7 Intricate Z Scale Train Layouts. If you’re just getting started in the hobby and you just want a small layout at first, your “benchwork” may consist of a solid 3x6 ft door, or a Feb 20, 2024 · Z Scale Trains. The most popular o scale model railroad buildings brands include Bachmann, Woodland Scenics, Banta Model Works, Bar Mills, and B. Now that you know how to Model trains have a timeless allure that captures the hearts of enthusiasts, young and old. Track by Scale. With up to 70 different train locomotives in the game, a fully fleshed out campaign that spans from 1840 to 1985, there’s something for everyone in this game. For Ages 8 to Adult. Save 20% with coupon. Easily sculpted and carved, foam allows you to shape mountains, valleys, and hills with precision. Oct 10, 2023 · Adding buildings and structures to your N scale train layout helps bring the scene to life and creates a sense of realism. 99. Oct 18, 2023 · The plywood train table is strong but relatively light for its size. After HO, N scale is the most popular in North America. We used the plans from a Lionel video on how to build a 4×8 HO train bench. Shop for HO Scale Buildings & Structures Building Kits Model Trains At TrainWorld to find the lowest prices to build the best model train layouts for beginners and model railroad hobbyists. Simple tables. gy Rolling line offers an immersive experience of both controlling a model railroad and driving trains from within the world itself. This smaller size scale can help you create more detailed and complex train setups in a Apr 18, 2010 · Back on Track host Gerry Leone jumps ahead in time to begin an effort to shape a common layout space into a unique place! In this episode, you’ll see the start of the lake scene takes the curved mainline into consideration. We carry train sets, supplies, model figures, as well as a variety of model train Dec 4, 2020 · In this Hornby How To Series we show you how to build you very own model railway layout. Whether you’re a seasoned modeler or just starting, this endeavor provides an opportunity to bring creativity to life. Augustree Turntable Clock Wooden Model Kit $22. Thin the latex paint about 50-50 with water to make it easy to cover the uneven surface. Aug 1, 2023 · Foam board is sold in building supply stores in standard thicknesses of ¾”, 1″, 1½”, 2″, 2½”, and 3″. Scale HO. Building a model train layout from the ground up is a creative and satisfying endeavor that lets you bring tiny worlds to life. Cut the pieces of wood to size using a saw. In this second installment, the team demonstrates how to build RS Laser Kit module kits made from laser-cut micro plywood panels. Brush the paint on, and then sprinkle on scenery materials immediately to take advantage of the paint’s adhesive quality. 200+ bought in past month. Ron Gager wrote “Build a layout gate” in our November 2012 issue. This handy folding test track is built on a lightweight 2 x 4-foot table that holds a pair of N-scale test loops – one for narrow gauge, and one for standard gauge. His design is built as a plywood box to add Oct 21, 2019 · The premise of the game is to build routes between different cities to help deliver goods and cargo and to unlock and build new locomotives to help your railroad empire expand. Many modelers start with equipment in this model train scale and a flat sheet of plywood for a simple and satisfying display, or layout. Most shelves are linear by design, and while not necessarily able to offer the option of a continuous running loop, a shelf layout is a lot more like a real railroad. Nov 5, 2022 · In December 2014, Tom Oxnard told us how to build a layout swing gate to provide access to a furnace behind the benchwork (seen above). Expert Tips and Lessons for Model Railroad Builders. Buildings is the most popular of the 17 model trains categories, then Freight Cars, and Railroad Scenery. 95 USD. Subscribe To Hornby: https://rb. Our Price. Apr 16, 2024 · No. 2-6. First, we’ll look at simple ladders, where the turnouts all branch in the same direction. Creating a Believable Backdrop for Your Model Trains. Dec 7, 2023 · T-Trak is a modular N scale railroading system that uses foot-wide boxes that can be plugged together to build tabletop layouts. Here are some essential tools you’ll need: Track Cutting Tool: A reliable track cutting tool is necessary for accurately cutting and shaping track pieces to fit your desired layout. Though the layout will likely have to share space with the furnace, air ducts, support posts, water heater Shop online at the world's biggest online model train store for lionel train sets, and USA model trains. HO scale modelers tend to have the widest variety of models available for rolling stock, locomotives, and buildings. Sanding and Puttying a Plastic Model Kit. This is the N Scale The Depot from the Built & Ready Series by Woodland Scenics. Our huge selection of model trains, scale structure and scenery has the right items for every level of the hobby. We have train sets in multiple scales for railroaders of all skill levels from beginner to advanced. You can make this model in OO SCALE, HO SCALE, or N SCALE from any material you like. When you search for structures for your HO, N or O Scale layout you’ll find Basically, the actual benchwork for your model railroad layout will be comprised of the following elements: • Supporting structure. Number 242316. Practically everybody with a model railroad be it a simple shelf layout, or an around-the-room “wall hugging” design will require some sort of backdrop Aug 25, 2020 · Budget. A common starter style of model railroad benchwork is just a 4 x 8 sheet of plywood on a tabletop. Nov 1, 2023 · One of the first things that you must do when building a model train layout is decide which style of benchwork you will build for the layout. Oct 10, 2023 · Essential Tools for Model Railroad Building. Today, we're proud to provide railroaders with the model train supplies they need for their model train layouts. Mar 13, 2011 · Embark on a journey with us as we start a new video series guiding you through building a model railroad layout from scratch. The frame of the tabletop is divided Apr 12, 2019 · Diagram showing the main components of the model railroad test track folding benchwork. Roundhouse Electric Trains, Inc. The train table’s diagonal leg braces are made from 1⁄4″ x 11⁄4″ wood molding. The shaded rail is 90-pound ARA-A rail (5-3/8″) and the tall rail is 132-pound RE rail (7-1/8″), which is also about an inch wider at Jul 12, 2022 · Around that same time I met another neighbor, Gene Hickey, who was an architect by trade and became President of the NMRA (National Model Railroad Association). Your guide is Allen Keller — master model railroad builder and industry pioneer. Number 120177. . Add to Cart. ) The idea was to explore what you could build on a train table made from a 4 x 8 sheet of plywood if you cut it up and rearranged the pieces. Shop for N Scale Buildings & Structures Building Kits Model Trains At TrainWorld to find the lowest prices to build the best model train layouts for beginners and model railroad hobbyists. Types of model railroad signals A scratchbuilt ball signal at Strong on Lou Sassi’s On3 Sandy River & Rangeley Lakes RR. Aug 9, 2023 · 1. 300+ bought in past month. Lubricate moving parts to ensure smooth operation. If you’re already using extruded-foam insulation board for your terrain, this is probably the cheapest of all the techniques listed here. Jun 1, 2023 · Building and wiring model railroad signals for operation may sound daunting, but it doesn’t have to be. Just add the one you like best. This will determine how much wood you need to cut. Jan 14, 2021 · Get Updates. Jan 12, 2024 · The **1/64 scale model railroad train building kits** are a specialized niche within the model train community, catering to those who seek an even greater challenge and level of detail. Typical: $19. Following the configuration I settled on, I began applying ground foam. A lifetime of model railroading fun starts here, with complete starter sets in popular scales. They’re not often commercially available and are usually only used as floor model examples of larger sets. The “N” in N scale refers to the number nine, suggesting the 9mm gauge between the rails of the N Scale track. Foam sheets or blocks can serve as an excellent foundation for your model railroad's terrain. Oct 10, 2023 · Building Your First Model Train Layout: A Beginner's Tutorial - Learn step-by-step how to create your own captivating miniaturized world with model trains. Sep 7, 2021 · An option that ought to be at every town on your railroad is the team track. There’s only one industry on this track plan, but the steep mountain switchback should keep the local freight’s operator busy servicing it. This is just a starting point for your O or S gauge railroad; you can use these techniques to build larger layouts as well. To get you started, our Model Railroader editors have provided their top picks for railroads, eras and locations suitable for beginner modelers. AnyRail™ is probably the easiest-to-use model railway design tool around. endeavors to provide the best economy as well as variety of products, both new and pre-owned to help you plan your empire. sf pd lg nw of ev jx cu qe cr